بهره‌برداری‌های اقتصادی و گردشگری از رودخانه‌های استان کرمانشاه و تأثیر آن در ویژگی‌های زیبایی‌شناختی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ژئوموفولوژی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

ویژگی‌ زیبایی شناختی رودخانه­ها دلیل اصلی جذب گردشگران است، ولی حضور پیش بینی نشدة آن‌ها به اضافة فعالیت­های اقتصادی ساکنان  بومی کیفیت زیبایی شناختی رودخانه­های کرمانشاه را تنزل داده  است. برای اهداف برنامه ریزی کیفیت زیبایی شناختی 19 مکان گردشگری این استان بررسی و رتبه­بندی گردید.  بدین منظور از روش لئوپولد استفاده شد که بر اساس آن 46 عامل مؤثر به سه دسته عوامل فیزیکی، زیست شناختی و انسانی تقسیم شد و به صورت میدانی به هر عامل بین 1 تا 5 امتیاز داده شد. نتایجی که از مقایسة جداول و نمودارهای به­دست آمد، نشان داد که از عوامل فیزیکی پهنا، عمق و الگوی رودخانه و از عوامل زیست شناختی زلالی آب، بی رنگی آن و وجود درختان در اطرف رودخانه مهم‌ترین عوامل  زیبایی شناختی رودخانه‌های این منطقه است، در حالی که از میان این دو گروه از عوامل، تنها در بعضی مکان­ها گل آلودی بالا و رنگ کدر آب باعث تقلیل کیفیت آن­ها شده است. برخلاف این عوامل، عامل انسانی در تقلیل کیفیت رودخانه‌های این منطقه  بیشترین تأثیر را داشته است. بعضی مناطق مانند روستای گلین که دور از دسترس قرار داشته‌اند، توانسته­اند زیبایی خود را حفظ کنند، ولی درجة بالای شهرنشینی و ساخت و سازها و فعالیت­های اقتصادی در بستر رودخانه مانند احداث حوضچه‌های پرورش ماهی نه تنها کیفیت چشم‌اندازها را به­شدت تحت تأثیر قرار داده بلکه ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و زیست شناختی آن­ها را نیز متأثر ساخته است. با گسترش فعالیت­های انسانی مانند ساخت سد چشم­انداز  بعضی از مناطق به کلی دگرگون شده است. این دگرگونی­ها در وضعیت زیبایی شناختی رودخانه­ها نشان می­دهد که در هر سطحی از برنامه­های توسعه، حقوق رودخانه­ها  نادیده گرفته می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Economic and tourism uses from rivers of Kermanshah and its impact on the aesthetic characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Iraj Jabari 1
  • Shekoofe Abdoli 2
1 Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Razi University
2 M.Sc. of Geomorphology, Razi university
چکیده [English]

Aesthetic characteristics of rivers is the main reason of attracting tourists. But the unexpected presence as well as economic activities by local residents has reduced aesthetic quality of the rivers of Kermanshah. For planning purposes, it was study and ranked the aesthetic quality of 19 tourist sites. Therefore the leopold’s method was used in which 46 effective factors divided to three types of factors, physical, biological and human interest factors, and then the factors was measured or scored from 1 to 5 in the field. The results of the comparison charts and tables showed that width, depth and pattern of river through of physical factors , and the clear and discoloration of water and presence of trees around the rivers through biological factors are the most important aesthetic factors. While between these two groups of factors, only in some places muddy and dull color of the water has reduced the quality of them. Despite these factors, human interest factors have had the greatest impact in quality of rivers in this region . Some areas, such as the village of Galin which have been out of reach, have been able to maintain its beauty. However, the high degree of urbanization and construction and economic activities on the river’s valleys and river’s beds such as the construction of fish ponds not only has been influenced the quality of landscapes strongly but also affected their physical and biological characteristics. The expansion of human activities such as building dams has transformed the landscape of some areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • tourism
  • river
  • Kermanshah
  • the aesthetic
  • Leopold

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