The assessment of urban dropped sewages effects on social instability of Savojbolagh villages
Mahmoudreza
Mirlotfi
معاون آموزشی دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه زابل
author
نسرین
صادق بیگی
دانشگاه زابل
author
text
article
2016
per
Attention necessity of environmental instabilities is one of the subjects in nowadays that should consider because of upgrading of various stability. But unfortunately many agents bear equal disturbances improvement threat in environmental power open spaces sustainable environment in rural regions. One of these agents is urban dropped sewages in agricultural grounds and villages limits that cause ruining of village. After wards it can spread social instabilities for rural areas. On this direction aim of current research is the study of urban dropped sewages impacts on social in stabilities in Savojbolagh region. For this case we evaluated the in stability impacts on social areas and villages (for example inconvenience of sewage smell environrnent sanity bearing of infections emigration increase from these villages to the other places etc.) then urban dropped sewages impacts have assessed on indicators . Obtained results of Spss in It is treat for public sanity and environment that can risk health and human's life. Thus,healthy repelling and gathering and urban and industrial sewages refining are essential (Faraji, 1390, 1). In this respect, the aim or this current article, is the assessment of urban dropped sewages effects on social instability of Savojbolagh villages. With the attention called before, this hypothesis sets for that there is different relations between social situation of sewage related families and other resident families of Savojbolagh villages. mann-whiney software in Social areas of villages by test qualitatively and quantitatively showed that these are meaning ful differences between beneficiary family and without sewages impact family in social instability. To gain of social stability and instability levels of studied area villages it is used from Morvis Model. Finding of this modle showed that Mahdi Abad village with /83/ has the higher instability level and QuchHesar village with /20/ has lower instability level in social dimensions.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
1
14
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32839_50f9c771e9095bba11217311739e0d4f.pdf
Maragheh locate optimal physical development with an emphasis on urban sustainability
حسین
حاتمی نژاد
استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه تهران
author
علی
عشقی چهاربرج
کارشناسی ارشد
author
text
article
2016
per
Landscape and urban development programs leading to the increasing population and growing urbanization, lack of land, the land adjacent to urban construction and create Slums been in steep areas. Practical use and land use change program regardless of environmental capacity caused the loss of environmental balance and sustainable development of urban cities have been challenged. Study and plan to manage urban growth and mitigate adverse economic, social and environmental aspects to locate the optimal physical development is in the city of Maragheh. Using analytical - descriptive study is aimed at applications. This study analyzed the environmental and human constraints on physical growth of Maragheh, using AHP and GIS trying to find the optimum area for future physical development of the city of Maragheh. Measures affecting the physical development of computational methods AHP were analyzed by the experts were rating, Expert Choice weighting of criteria from affecting the physical development of the city was applied in layers, combining the best aspects of physical development of map layers in GIS environment were identified. The results show that the city of Maragheh in their physical development does not follow a pattern. The city due to being trapped in the higher elevations, Gardens classy, chay Sufi River, railroads, military lands, development of marginalization and the bezel around the city and the problem of disposal of surface water, the only two options for developing appropriate ways physical ahead; One of the central part of the city with vacant land with scattered rural context and the other half flat and hilly lands in the West and Southwest of the city.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
15
31
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32841_f3aa21058aca20e565049dc69db44513.pdf
The determine of boundary development in beach line of Caspian Sea by using geomorphologic and sea level changes data (Case Study: Babolrood to Talar rivers beach line)
Mojtaba
Yamani
University of Tehran - Faculty of Geography
author
Mehran
Maghsoudi
University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography
author
Hamid
Amooniya
University of Tarbiat Modares, Facoulty of Humanities
author
text
article
2016
per
Privacy with respect to the coastline of the Caspian Sea coastal lands and buildings is 60 meters in Given the events in recent years the practice has lost its standard And management of the coastline has a problem. Privacy simply because the water level changes for the year 1343 is considered. If the level of the Caspian Sea and the amplitude of the balance is not changing. In addition to changes in sea level, slope and elevation changes of the coastline makes a difference in the rate of sea level in coastal areas will be completed. The factors mentioned in the space has been completely ignored. The coastline of the Caspian Sea to the babol and Talar Rivers are the case is being investigated. Determine the parameter space for human activities, using the slope and elevation and sea level changes in a period of 82 years. Notices of inquiry to determine if Drnrm Arc GIS9.3 software is used. Due to the elevation data from digital elevation model of coastline that is achieved. And the Caspian Sea level in the method of analysis and coastal boundaries on the map is obtained. Finally, with the return period of 30, 50 and 82-year water surface elevation data for areas at risk of privacy is at stake for the coastline. The study was conducted at the base as much as a year ago, is located on the Trddyd, Range before and after a year because they can not be provided on the right coast Compare this with the privacy and the privacy problems that previously established for the management of the coastline has been identified Geomorphology and coastline is an important factor that can also be an important factor in determining the rate before and after space has been added.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
32
44
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32842_a16a5f7e18fa24782096c3d4f6d6c4b3.pdf
Analysis Youth of Ecotourism Environmental Perceptions ( casstudy: Miyandorood township High school Students
saiyyed hosein
hoseiny
mazandaran University
author
faramarz
barimani
mazandaran universitis
author
mahdi
ramezanzade
mazandaran universitis
author
text
article
2016
per
One of the areas that are of interest to tourists and the tourism industry has been the ecotourism industry. Ecotourism development can create jobs, myriad economic benefits directly to the people indigenous. Ecotourism is also the foundation for the sustainable development of communities, landscapes and ways to conserve natural resources around 4% annual growth in world tourism industry is estimated to have grown 30% are prepared to tourist travel between the increased attention to the sign of ecotourism one of the oldest human-environment geography in relation Barvabt understanding Bshrnsbt response to changes in the environment. So far over the past few decades, numerous studies in the field of assessing residents' views and perceptions towards tourism in the host society is doing Perceived impacts of tourism on host three major categories of costs and benefits of economic, social and environmental concerns are. In this regard, researchers believe that the boom in tourism and objective and subjective measures of economic, social and environmental terms, there host society. Mazandaran state Due to the geographical location of the province's natural and nature are considered among the top provinces. Due to geographical features and nature Township Miyandorood, this study aims to analyze the perception of high school students' perceptions of ecotourism was Township Miyandorood. According to Cochran formula, 275 people were selected randomly in different fields In this study, a survey questionnaire to survey students were The results demonstrate that the biological component of ecotourism, cultural and socio-economic factors are less students. Results of statistical tests showed significant Relationship between the and the emergence of youth perceptions of eco-tourism. Also the phenomenal impact on young people's perception of the show. key word: Tourism، Ecotourism،Youth، Perceptions Environment ،Township Miyandorood
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
45
58
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32843_dc69ddd291ff5c3444440880f7837957.pdf
The Explanation of role of spatial distribution approaches of Soldiers on promotion of national solidarity based on spatial planning
سید مجتبی
موسوی نقابی
دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران
author
سید محمد
حسینی
دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی و ژئوپلتیک، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
author
مرتضی
انوشه
دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.
author
سید علی
حسینی
دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، ایران،
author
text
article
2016
per
According to the geopolitical and geo-strategic position of Iran and it’s ethnic and religious diversity, the necessity to promote national solidarity is acknowledged. Solidarity is a feeling of unity between people who have the same interests, goals, etc. Solidarity is unity that produces or is based on universities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies among members of a group; fellowship of responsibilities and interests. National Solidarity refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The purpose of spatial planning is also the optimal distribution of manpower and activities in geographical space of land in order to achieve sustainable development. National Solidarity has a positive impact on sustainable development. Hence, in this study, impacts of two approaches regarding soldiers’ distribution (distribution across the country approach and minimal geographical distance approach) on national Solidarity to have been analyzed. Research method of present study is mixed exploratory method. In the first step, through interviews with experts, the functions of Military service such as political-Security and Social – cultural, and their impacts on the national solidarity have been identified. In the second step, using quantitative research method, the effect of two approaches of soldiers' distribution on national solidarity were examined. According to the research results, the minimal geographical distance approach have short-term economical and social benefits, but this approach has negative impact on national solidarity in regards of political factor. While the approach of distribution across the country have long-term impacts on promotion of national solidarity through Social – cultural factors and political-Security factors.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
59
72
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32844_ad34a4b25b76e6ad031e4ab77126af0b.pdf
Sustainability of Assessment of Urban Settlements (Case study: Ardabil Province)
حسین
نظم فر
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
ali
majnoni
مدرس گروه مهندسی معماری دانشگاه بناب
author
احمد
آفتاب
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی
author
text
article
2016
per
Sustainable development of urban settlements has been largely dimensions which is dependent on the spatial and temporal. And to identify the need to evaluate the stability of indicators of various aspects of social, economic and environmental. This study also aims to assess and evaluate sustainable development indicators descriptive - analytical and Ardabil province has taken a bit of urban settlements. For this purpose the required data have collected from the Statistical Yearbook of 1390, as well as statistics and reports from the various departments and organizations. Then, using a barometer to measure and evaluate sustainability sustainable urban settlements in the social, economic and environmental aspects of the city of Ardebil province. The results show that the implementation of the barometric Stability as the capital of the province of Ardabil city social sustainability indicators (79/0) and economic sustainability indicators (71/0) with the major difference compared to other cities in the province is potentially stable condition. Another major difference compared to the provincial capital city of the province of the potentially unstable and unstable, respectively. In terms of environmental indicators in order Bilesavar city (68/0) Meshginshahr (58/0), Pars Abad (54/0) in the first three priorities and the city of Ardabil (41/0) is the fourth priority. In the Ardabil Province of human well-being out of Ecosystem Ratings (35/0) is rather low. Therefore it can be concluded that the stability of Ardabil Settlements The stability of the region is not a suitable and requires planning with regard to the strengths and weaknesses of each region.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
73
88
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32845_db64eb012d4beb42cdad9b3f6a02285c.pdf
Survey social capacity- building impacts at the rate of community participation in the development activities, case study: Bonab County
وکیل
حیدری ساربان
دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده علوم انسانی- گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی
author
ali
majnoni
مدرس گروه مهندسی معماری دانشگاه بناب
author
text
article
2016
per
The scope for participation in rural development is set by the economic functions of rural areas and these have changed considerably in recent years. Participation not only humanizes the bureaucracy, but strengthens the capacities of individuals and communities to mobilize and help themselves. In this way, dependence on the state is minimized and ordinary people rediscover their potential for co-operation and mutual endeavor … Community participation serves immediate instrumental goals such as the identification of felt needs as well as the mobilization of local resources. But it also promotes broader social development ideals: by participating fully in decision-making for social development, ordinary people experience fulfillment which contributes to a heightened sense of community and a strengthening of community bonds. The study aims at Survey social capacity- building impacts at the rate of community participation in the development activities in Bonab County. From the methodological aspects, this research was conducted in descriptive and analytical way; the study population included rural peoples residing in rural areas of Bonab County. The all of rural peoples of Bonab County was estimated 49901, and the sample volume of research is 400 rural peoples. The content and face validity of the instrument was specified after several times review and correction by the faculty of members at university and several expertise of administrative offices. At the end, result showed that 29/62 rural of Bonab County is in very suitable situation, 11/11 in suitable situation and another of rural is unsuitable and very unsuitable condition. Finally, based on the results analysis, some applied recommendations have been provided.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
89
104
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32846_f9a6cd72f3f5ba34754bf430c3555f04.pdf
Estimation and Evaluation of Social Sustainability in the Metropolitan City of Mashhad, With an Emphasis on Five Neighborhoods as Case Studies
mohammad rahim
rahnama
استاد گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
sayed mostafa
hosseini
دانشجوی دکترای جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2016
per
Abstract Nowadays, the social dimensions of development are of an utmost importance, they since pave the way for the backgrounds of progress in other dimensions of constant development. For the same reason, the current research is concerned with an estimation and evaluation of the level of social stability in Mashhad city with an emphasis on sample neighborhoods. This research is applied in its goal done in a descriptive-analytic method. In this research, the factors and parameters influential on social stability were defined in 5 concepts and 14 indexes for operation. Then, 5 neighborhoods from Mashhad city were chosen by random sampling based upon social, economic and physical characteristics. The required data was collected using questionnaires from 323 families of the sample neighborhoods. In the next step, by mixing each item in its related index and again mixing the indexes of each component together in the SPSS software, the primary matrix of decision-making was formed. Then, alongside weighing the components of social stability through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the situation of the neighborhoods were estimated and evaluated from the viewpoint of their components of social stability through the ELECTRE technique. The results of the study indicate that the studied neighborhoods enjoy various levels of social stability, and jahed Shahr and Sarafrazan neighborhoods are in the first two places in regard to the level social stability, janbazan and Beheshti neighborhoods are in the third place and Neyze neighborhood is in the fourth position of the level of social stability. Key words: Social Sustainability, Neighborhood, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), ELECTRE technique, Mashhad City
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
105
118
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32847_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
Performance of village head assistants (dehyar) on rural sustainable development
(Case study: Torghabeh section locating in Binalood city)
تکتم
سربرقی مقدم
دانشگاه فردوسی
author
خدیجه
بوزرجمهری
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
مریم
قاسمی
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
author
text
article
2016
per
As the executive arm of government, village managing plays a great role in implementation, monitoring and organization of development programs to achieve the desired level of sustainable development in rural regions. The present study aimed to investigate the role of village head assistants (dehyar) during the process of rural development. The required data were collected by using library and field methods. An applied descriptive- analytical method was used in order to evaluate the obtained data. 251 heads of households from 10 villages of Torghabeh section were selected as the sample population. To assess the performance of village management during the development process, 49 indicators were used in three dimensions including economic, social and environmental factors following 48 articles assigned to dehyar’s duties. The measured spectrum was in likert questionnaire. The obtained data were inserted into SPSS software and analyzed by using different statistical tests. Cronbach's alpha for 49 indices was equal to 0.89, representing acceptability of research questionnaire. Testing hypotheses was conducted using one-sample t-test (t-student) and cluster analysis. The results of t-test showed that the performance of dehyars in all three dimensions of sustainable development was lower than the average level. The mean performance of dehyars during rural sustainable development was 1.93 that scored as weak and poor. According to the findings, different strategies were proposed including: review on dehyar’s duties, providing reports and informing the villagers, formation of different local groups, implementing income-generating projects, increasing awareness of rural communities, etc. Keywords: village head assistant (dehyar), rural sustainable development, Torghabe section, Binalood city, local management
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
119
136
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32848_109f4a1a7c35bafbe500b6e61d20a658.pdf
Analysis of the Behavior and Frequency Changes of Heat Waves Event in Ahwaz City
faeghe
almasi
Lecture - pun univercity
author
taghi
tavosi
استاد دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
nasrin
hossein abadi
دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان
author
text
article
2016
per
The purpose of this study was to investigate the heat wave's Ahvaz city. In this study, the daily maximum temperature of Ahwaz Station data from 01.01.1340 to 29.12.1386 (17,166 days) was used to analyze the heat waves. First, based on a standardized data matrix and by using Fumiyaki index, deviation matrix of normalized temperature at Ahwaz was prepared. For identifying heat waves , by using computer programming in Matlab Software the heat waves was defined as the days with a continues heat of at least 3 days and its temperature is +2 of standard deviation or more than average. So, the 87 waves of 3 - 14 days were identified and classified. Finally, the continuation of heat wave in Ahwaz according to the laws of probability in the form of random processes and by using Markov chain techniques was analyzed. The results in this research showed that short-term heat wave events are more frequent, the long heat wave has least events. The heat waves are more frequent at the beginning of winter and at the beginning of the fall. Besides, the highest continuation is related to winter. Average number of heat waves days in Ahwaz was 9 days, the highest number of days with a 38-day heat wave observed in 1377. The results of the transition probability matrix based on the maximum likelihood method, showed that winter heat wave is most likely to occur. The results also showed that winter and summer, respectively, have the shortest and longest return period
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
137
150
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32850_035d96f5b00f0019222b8e375ce3264d.pdf
Evaluation of Physical-Spatial Development of Coastal Cities(Case Study: Bandare torkeman City)
زهرا
محمدی
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری
author
aliakbar
najafikani
asistent profesor
author
abdolazim
ghanghermeh
asistent profesor
author
text
article
2016
per
Physical and spatial development is an evolved Process to meet the needs that include Physical spaces for functions and new activities. The purposes of this study are to investigate the physical-spatial development of the Bandartorkman city during the different periods of time and to investigation of the relationship between coast environmental capacities with physical-spatial development. Two methods of spatial analysis to study the development and the survey (questionnaire) were used in order to achieve the goals. Survey of citizens and officials and experts have been determined using Cochran's formula 250 samples were selected randomly as well. In this regard, the process of city development in different periods of time were studied by using maps and then the investigation of relationship between per capita and density of population was performed as well as the analysis of form and How to develop of the city with Quantitative Entropy model in the first stage, that shows the results of this technique in the analysis of the spatial, physical development during different periods of time to develop rhythmic and urban spatial planning and urban growth was not ugly (Aspral) and it can cause uncontrolled migration of villagers to cities in search of Torkman's to be sedentary. In the next stage, the role of Coast environmental capacities in physical-spatial development of city were examined by spss software and using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, Results of correlation analysis show that although there is significant relation to 99 percent between environmental capacities with the physical-spatial development of city but unfortunately, the officials and city managers performances in the use of Existing capabilities are not positive and distribution facilities and services in different areas and neighborhoods in the city just did not have the facilities and utilities 99 percent difference between show.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
151
166
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32851_6437ed7097baa41d2887d7751c613226.pdf
Determination User for the abandoned land use in Deteriorated Urban areas, Case Study: Darab
fatemeh
heidari
University of Zabol
author
akbar
kiani
University of Zabol
author
text
article
2016
per
Endogenous development can be urban texture and abandoned urban spaces as smart growth occur. Hence, the conditions require that urban planners pay special attention to, identify the causes and find a solution to abandoned areas in deteriorated urban textures. Therefore, the aim of this study is determination user for the abandoned land use in deteriorated urban areas, case study: Darab which leads to the abandoned areas disturb visual landscapes in addition to providing the grounds for instability in distressed areas of Darab city. For this reason it is necessary to renovate and reconstruct them over time. The present study uses a descriptive- analytical approach based on documents, library, and field studies. In order to determine available land applications, the need to information layers GIS, then the per capita land applications with Excel software was found, weighting and the importance of indicators was done by Expert Choice program. Finally, by formulating in code blocks and MATLAB (using operator OWA FUZZY) alternative applications of abandoned spaces were prioritized in three quantifier ranges in which residential units was placed first. The results indicate that not using opportunity in the deteriorated urban texture was due to lack of planning for abandoned urban spaces and poor management. Thus, planning for a smart growth in abandoned urban spaces is one of the major priorities of modernization and rehabilitation.The results indicate that not using opportunity in the deteriorated urban texture was due to lack of planning for abandoned urban spaces and poor management. Thus, planning for a smart growth in abandoned urban spaces is one of the major priorities of modernization and rehabilitation.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
167
182
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32852_907d344724df5f3ce04931426485b688.pdf
Analysis of the Environment of Isfahan Metropolis within the Framework of the Green City Approach
جمال
محمدی
عضو هیات علمی / دانشگاه اصفهان
author
محمدرضا
کنعانی
دانشگاه اصفهان
author
text
article
2016
per
Isfahan metropolis is faced with several environmental problems (such as air pollution, reduced groundwater level, reduced quality of surface and subsurface waters, soil erosion, etc.) because of the following factors: its arid and semi-arid climate; recent droughts; air stagnation in half of the year; the increasing demand for residence and activity; capacity for tourism; rapid physical development; presence of heavy industries and mines within the boundaries of the city; etc. Hence, the present research was aimed at examining the environmental condition of Isfahan metropolis within the framework of the green city approach. This study is considered an applied study regarding its objective and is considered a descriptive-analytical study regarding its nature and method. The time and space scope of the research includes Isfahan metropolis from 2008 to 2012. In this research, in order to determine the green city indicators the Delphi method and a questionnaire were employed. In this study, the environmental condition of Isfahan metropolis was examined within the framework of the green city approach using a combination of the pressure-state-response framework and multi-criteria decision-making models. Results of this research indicated that the environmental condition of Isfahan metropolis had fluctuations during the study period. That is to say, in 2009 the environmental condition of this metropolis tended toward instability, in 2010 and 2011 it showed a tendency to stability, and in 2012 it once again declined. Therefore, it is recommended to develop and arrange the Isfahan metropolis strategic program within the framework of the green city approach and national documents in order to be able to attain the final goal of the green city approach, which is to achieve sustainable urban development and improve the life quality of citizens.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
183
198
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32853_1177be75b96aeb08f6f20cffa1917bde.pdf
The role of group’s microcredit in agricultural development emphasizing on the Land Consolidation, (Case Study: Khrarood district, Khodabandeh township)
جمشید
عینالی
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه زنجان
author
سمیرا
سهرابی وفا
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد/ دانشگاه زنجان
author
text
article
2016
per
One of the structural problems of rural development especially agricultural development in the Iran, are Fragmentation and Distribution of agricultural lands. This leads to the non efficient use of new technologies and production methods, low productivity of production factors, lost of soil and water resources, reduction of income, and etc. And as one of the major obstacles in the process of rural development has been. The purpose of this study was to using investigate the role of agriculture microcredits in the form of group projects based on water supply in Land Consolidation and consequently in agricultural development in the study area. Therefore the Khrarood district in Khodabandeh township (Zanjan province), as one of the most successful Sample in group Agricultural Land Consolidation (ALC) has been studied. For data collection in this research we used field methods such as interviews and questionnaires with farmers and agricultural service center Authorities. Data Analysis with using the Wilcoxon nonparametric test, and Friedman test and Crosstab schedule (for the periods before and after Useing of funds) and the T test and Correlation analysis was done for the next period. The result shows the positive impact of microcredit using in Agricultural Land Consolidation Projects and has been a significant change in the level of agricultural development indices provide 95 percent. Hence, according the study findings the following suggestions are presented: 1 - Strengthening the role of the local spontaneously groups about the local production Resource Management, 2 - Emphasis on the educational role of spontaneously groups through frequent visits and introducing their capabilities to other farmers, 3 - Facilitating payments of agricultural credit by grouping style because of low possible in diversion of its expenditure.
Geographical Planning of Space
Golestan University
2538-5739
6
v.
19
no.
2016
199
212
https://gps.gu.ac.ir/article_32854_0912b46058edeba996fc300219dcebb4.pdf