تحلیل ارتباط بین سطح اقتصادی شهروندان با میزان کیفیت منظر شهری بر اساس مؤلفه‌های ساختار فضایی شهر، مطالعه موردی: شهر بابل

نوع مقاله : مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا، واحد نور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نور، ایران

2 گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

یکی از گزاره‌های سنجش میزان رفاه اجتماعی خانوار، سطح اقتصادی و میزان درآمد است. محل سکونت، یکی از جنبه‌های مهم رفاه شهروندی است. ازآنجایی‌که بهره‌مندی از منظر مطلوب شهری، جزو حقوق اولیه شهروندی به‌حساب می‌آید، لذا هدف ما در این پژوهش اثبات این فرضیه است که محلاتی که شهروندان آن سطح درآمد پایین‌تری دارند، از منظر مطلوب شهری نیز برخوردار نیستند. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی اجراشده و گردآوری اطلاعات از منابع موثق، به روش کتابخانه‌ای و همچنین بازدیدهای میدانی و رجوع به سازمان‌های مربوطه و در نهایت استفاده از پرسشنامه است. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهایی مانند Spss و Super decision استفاده‌شده و مدل بکار رفته در این پژوهش، مدل فرایند تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) است. در این پژوهش، ارتباط بین مؤلفه‌های ساختار فضایی شهرِ موثر در منظر شهری، شامل مؤلفه‌های بصری-کیفی، عملکردی- فضایی، معنایی- حسی، کالبدی- ساختاری و زیست‌محیطی، با سطح درآمد ساکنین محل ارزیابی می‌شود. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق، صحت فرضیه ما را ثابت می‌کند و لذا محلات مسکونی مرفه، دارای کیفیت منظر شهری مطلوب‌تری می‌باشند و بالعکس. بنابراین بر اساس قوانین حقوق شهروندی، برنامه‌ریزان و مدیران شهری موظف‌اند با مشارکت مردم، بدون توجه به سطوح طبقاتی، به ارتقاء کیفیت منظر شهری در تمامی محلات شهر بپردازند تا شاهد جدایی گزینی‌های اکولوژیکی و اجتماعی که باعث افت رفاه فردی و منزلت اجتماعی است نشویم

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the relationship between the citizens’ economic level and the urban landscape quality based on the spatial structure components of the city the case study A babol city

نویسندگان [English]

  • maral firoozmand 1
  • Gholamreza Janbazghobadi 1
  • reza lahmian 2
  • sadredin motevali 1
1 Department of Geography, Noor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Noor, Iran
2 Department of Geography, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Analysis of the relationship between the citizens’ economic level and the urban landscape quality based on the spatial structure components of the city the case study A babol city
A B S T R A C T
One of the propositions for measuring the household's social welfare level is the economic level and the amount of income. Residence is one of the essential aspects of citizen welfare. Since benefiting from a favorable urban view is one of the fundamental rights of citizenship. Therefore, our goal in this research is to prove the hypothesis that the neighborhoods where the citizens have a lower income level do not have a desirable urban view. This research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and collected information from reliable sources, using the library method as well as field visits and referring to relevant organizations and finally using a questionnaire. Software such as SPSS and Super decision were used for data analysis, and the model used in this research is the Analytical Network Process (ANP) model. In this research, the relationship between the effective urban spatial structure components in the urban landscape, including visual-qualitative, functional-spatial, semantic-sensory, physical-structural and environmental components, is evaluated with the income level of the local residents. The research results prove the correctness of our hypothesis, and thus, prosperous residential areas have a better urban landscape quality and vice versa. Therefore, according to civil rights laws, urban planners and managers are obliged to improve the quality of the urban landscape in all neighborhoods of the city with the participation of the people, regardless of class levels, so that we do not witness the ecological and social separations that cause the decline of individual well-being and social dignity
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The urban space is the platform on which human civil life flows, and one of its unique and significant features is the topic of the urban landscape. On the other hand, one of the big problems in less developed countries, is the inequality in environmental standards, especially the spatial location among the types of uses of a city, which causes the emergence of non-standard settlements, disproportionate body tissues, undesirable urban furniture, the expansion of marginalization and unconventional residential areas, and ultimately an unpleasant urban landscape. the residence of low-income people in places that do not attract other social groups. The lower price of housing leads to the concentration of poverty, and the continuation of this process leads to the separation of the low-income class from other social groups. Often, the low-income group does not have the financial ability to optimize the spatial landscape of their respective uses; as a result, we do not see a favorable urban landscape in poor areas. With a field and specialized survey of different spaces in the central part of Babol city located in Mazandaran province, we realize the problem that the prosperous areas have a more favorable view than the average and poor areas. Now, according to the issue of citizenship rights in the constitution, which states that "all citizens must be fairly provided with healthy and favorable environmental conditions to continue living"; It is hypothesized that:
"Is there a direct relationship between the citizens’ economic level of the residential area and the urban landscape quality level of Babol in terms of the spatial structure components?"
Therefore, in this research, it has been tried first to identify the components of the city's spatial structure that affect the urban landscape quality, and then the relationship between the perspective obtained from the relationship of these components with the citizens’ class level of different regions should be evaluated and then analyzed.
 
 
Methodology
In this research, in which the descriptive-analytical method is exerted, information has been collected from reliable sources in the library method, as well as through field visits and referring to the relevant organizations, and finally using the questionnaire tool. In order to analyze the obtained data, software such as SPSS and Super Decision were exploited, and the model used in this research is the Analytical Network Process (ANP) model. The reason for this choice is the multiplicity of internal relationships between the independent variables, which has led to the emergence of a network of relationships that cannot be analyzed hierarchically. The statistical sample is the central part of Babol city. The sampling method is deliberate-judgmental to reduce the error rate and increase the reliability rate. In order to obtain the sample size, Cochran's method was used, which is 96 people for each region and includes an urban expert group of 96 people, a total of 384 people. The distinction of the class levels of the neighborhoods is based on the "housing price" index. In this research, from the five components of the spatial structure of the city as visual-qualitative, functional-spatial, physical-structural, semantic-sensory components, and the environmental components with their related criteria and indicators as "independent variable," the quality of the city landscape as "dependent variable" and the economic level of localities as "mediator variable" have been used to analyze the issue.
 
Result and discussion
The results obtained from the analysis of the data from the questionnaire in the model (ANP) obtained from the Super Decision software prove that due to the positive results of the outputs from the paired relationships between the variables (N≥0), all the components mentioned above by ranking, they affect the quality of the urban landscape. The following proves that different urban places do not have the same quantity and quality of landscape. Prosperous neighborhoods with the highest output (Amir Kabir = 0.4619) have high urban landscape quality, average neighborhoods with medium output (Navab = 0.3745) have average urban landscape quality, and poor neighborhoods with the lowest output (Muziraj = 0.1636) have the lowest level of urban landscape quality. Therefore, it is proven that the citizens' economic level living in the neighborhoods relates to the quality of the urban landscape. In the meantime, visual-qualitative components with weight (N=0.4027) had the most impact, and environmental components with weight (N=0.0277) had the most negligible impact on the urban landscape quality.
 
Conclusion
Among the selected areas, the "Amir Kabir" area, which is prosperous based on the research conducted, has been assigned the first place in terms of the quality of the urban landscape according to the components of the spatial structure of the city (N=0.4619). It means that the region with a higher economic level has all the effective components in the urban landscape in that region. "Navab" area, which is in an average position in terms of class level, also has an average urban landscape quality in terms of the influence of the components of the city's spatial structure (N=0.3745). Moreover, finally, the "Muziraj" region, which has a low economic level, unfortunately, based on the research conducted on all five components and the responses received, ranks last in terms of urban landscape quality (N=0.1636). This means that the lower the economic level of the region, the lower the citizens' satisfaction with the factors affecting the quality of the city landscape. Therefore, according to the above explanations, our hypothesis is proven that "there is a direct relationship between the economic level of the residential area and the quality level of the urban landscape in terms of the components of the spatial structure." Therefore, managers and urban planners, to improve the quantity and quality of the urban landscape of Babol in all areas, especially the weak middle areas, should pay special attention to the visual-quality components of the city's spatial structure. On the other hand, they should pay more attention and invest in the environmental components that guarantee sustainable development.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
 Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Citizen Economy
  • Urban Landscape Quality
  • Analytical Network Process
  • Babol City
  1. امین زاده، بهناز. (1394). ارزش‌ها در طراحی منظر شهری. چاپ دوم، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
  2. پاکزاد، جهانشاه. (1385). راهنمای طراحی فضاهای شهری در ایران. چاپ دوم، تهران: انتشارات شرکت طرح و نشر پیام سیما.
  3. پل، سایمون. (1385). عناصر طراحی بصری معماری منظر. ترجمه محمد احمدی‌نژاد، چاپ سوم، اصفهان: انتشارات نشر خاک.
  4. جانباز قبادی، غلامرضا. (1399). نقش بهسازی پیاده‌روها در بهبود مدیریت ترافیک شهری. هفتمین همایش ملی مطالعات و تحقیقات نوین در حوزه علوم جغرافیا، معماری و شهرسازی ایران، 19 خرداد 1399، موسسه آموزش عالی آل طه، تهران، صص.11-22.
  5. رضایی راد، هادی؛ وحدت، سلمان. (1396). ارتقای ارزش‌های بصری در راهروهای دید شهری (نمونه: میدان انقلاب زنجان). فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 7 (23)، 69-86.
  6. سیف‌الدینی، فرانک. (1391). منظر شهری. چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات آییژ.
  7. شاه‌حسینی، پروانه. (1384). سکونتگاه خودرو و امنیت اجتماعی (نمونه: شهر پاکدشت). فصلنامه جغرافیا و توسعه، 3 (6)، 157-172.
  8. شاطریان، محسن؛ تدین، الناز؛ حیدری، رسول (1399). تأثیر نابرابری‌های اجتماعی در کیفیت فضای سبز. (نمونه: شهر کاشان). فصلنامه آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 10 (38)، 156 -14.
  9. شکویی، حسین. (1382). اندیشه‌های نو در فلسفه جغرافیا فلسفه‌های محیطی و مکتب‌های جغرافیایی. جلد 2، چاپ چهارم، تهران: انتشارات موسسه جغرافیایی و کارتوگرافی گیتاشناسی.
  10. غلامیان، مریم. (1395). مسکن شهری و اقشار کم‌درآمد. چاپ اول، ایلام: انتشارات زاگرس.
  11. فیروزمند، مارال. (1391). بررسی تطبیقی بین پایگاه اقتصادی-اجتماعی شهروندان و کیفیت مبلمان و فضای شهری با تأکید بر عدالت اجتماعی (نمونه: شهر بابل). پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، به راهنمایی اسدالله دیوسالار، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور مرکز ساری.
  12. قره بگلو، مینو؛ نژاد ابراهیمی، احد و جاویدمهر، ملیحه. (1395). شناسایی معیارهای طراحی منظر شهری با رویکرد پاسخ‌دهی محیطی (نمونه: محله جمال‌زاده). نشریه شهرسازی و معماری هفت شهر، 4 (55)، 103-117.
  13. قلی زاده، علی‌اکبر. (1396). اثر درآمد و تحصیلات سرپرست خانوار بر نحوه تصرف مسکن در مناطق شهری ایران. فصلنامه مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران، 6 (22)، 29-21.
  14. گرمسیر، امیررضا؛ رضایی، محمدرضا و علیان، مهدی. (1395). تصمیم سازی در برنامه‌ریزی منظر شهری با استفاده از مدل تحلیل شبکه. مجله جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری، 3 (1)، 17-31
  15. گلابی، فاطمه و آقایاری، توکل. (1392). بررسی عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی مرتبط با سطح رضایتمندی شهروندان از محله مسکونی. فصلنامه مطالعات جامعه‌شناختی شهری، 3 (9)، 124-155
  16. لحمیان، رضا؛ هاشم‌پور، فهیمه و براری، معصومه. (1391). ارزیابی اثرات محیط زیستی گردشگری شهری مطالعه موردی: شهر ساری. اولین همایش ملی حفاظت و برنامه‌ریزی محیط زیست، 3 اسفند 1391، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی همدان، صص. 15-1
  17. متولی، صدرالدین. (1392). سیر تحول فضاهای شهری سنتی در شهرهای ایرانی - اسلامی؛ قبل از مدرنیسم تا پست‌مدرن. فصلنامه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی، 14 (92)، 51-62.
  18. محمدی لرد، عبدالمحمود. (1388). فرآیندهای تحلیل شبکه‌ای (ANP) و سلسله مراتبی AHP)). چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات گیسوم.
  19. مشیری، سید رحیم و رحمانی، بیژن. (1392). مقایسه تطبیقی منظر بافت‌های شهر بر اساس شاخص‌های مبلمان شهری. فصل‌نامه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری چشم‌انداز زاگرس، 6 (19)، 110-117.
  20. میرباقری، میر ناصر و خاتمی، سید یحیی. (1399). ارزیابی معیارهای مؤثر بر گونه‌بندی معابر در فرآیند طراحی شهری با تأکید بر اقتصاد حرکت. (نمونه: محله فرحزاد تهران). مجله آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 11 (39)، 294-277.
  21. میرکتولی، جعفر و علی پور، عباس. (1391). بررسی اثر سیاست‌های حمایتی دولت در مدیریت توسعه بافت‌های قدیمی و فرسوده شهری، مطالعه موردی شهر بهشهر. مجله آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 2 (5)، 7-17.
  22. نجفی توانا، علی و میلکی، ایوب. (1393). حقوق جزای عمومی (تحلیلی - انتقادی - تطبیقی). چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات جنگل.
  1. Guris, S., Caglayan, E., & Turgut, un. (2011). Estimating of Probability of Home –Ownership in Rural and Urban Areas: Logit. Probit and Gombit Model. European Journal of Social Science, 21(3).123-137.
  2. Williams, D. R. & Vaske, J. J. (2003). The measurement of place Attachment: validity and generalizability of physical world psychometric approach. Forest Science Oxford Academic, 49 (6), 830-840.
  3. Yuen, B. (2005). Searching for place identify in Singapore. Habitat International, 29, 197-198.
  4. Aminzadeh, B. (2014). Values in urban landscape design. Second edition, Tehran: Tehran University Press. [In Persian].
  5. Firoozmand, M. (2011). A comparative study between the socio-economic base of citizens and the quality of furniture and urban space with an emphasis on social justice (example: Babol city). Master's thesis on geography and urban planning, under the guidance of Asadollah Devsalar, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payam Noor University, Sari Center. [In Persian].
  6. Garmsir, A., Rezaei, M., & Alian, M. (2015). Decision making in urban landscape planning using network analysis model. Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, 3(1), 17-31 [In Persian].
  7. Gholamian, M. (2015). Urban housing and low-income groups. First edition, Ilam: Zagros Publications. [In Persian].
  8. Qolizadeh, A. A. (2016). The effect of income and education of the head of the household on the occupation of housing in urban areas of Iran. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Applied Economic Studies of Iran, 6 (22), 21-29. [In Persian].
  9. Golabi, F., & Aghaari, T. (2012). Investigating the social and economic factors related to the level of satisfaction of citizens with the residential neighborhood. Urban Sociology Quarterly, 3 (9), 124-155. [In Persian].
  10. Janbaz Ghobadi, G. (2019). The role of improving sidewalks in improving urban traffic management. The 7th National Conference of Modern Studies and Researches in the Field of Geography, Architecture and Urban Planning of Iran, June 19, 2019, Al Taha Institute of Higher Education, Tehran, pp. 11-22. [In Persian].
  11. Lahmian, R., Hashempour, F., & Berari, M. (2011). Evaluation of the environmental effects of urban tourism, a case study: Sari city. The first national conference on environmental protection and planning, March 3, 2018, Hamadan Islamic Azad University, pp. 1-15 [In Persian].
  12. Mirkatoli, J., & Alipour, A. (2011). Investigating the effect of government support policies in managing the development of old and dilapidated urban structures, a case study of Behshahr city. Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 2 (5), 17-7. [In Persian]
  13. Mir Bagheri, M. N., & Khatami, S. Y. (2019). Evaluation of the effective criteria on the classification of roads in the process of urban design with an emphasis on the economy of movement. (Example: Farahzad neighborhood of Tehran). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 11 (39), 294-277. [In Persian].
  14. Mohammadi Lord, A. M. (2017). Analytical Network Processes (ANP) and Hierarchical AHP). First edition, Tehran: Gisum Publications. [In Persian]
  15. Moshiri, S. R., & Rahmani, B. (2012). A comparative comparison of the landscape of city textures based on urban furniture indices. Journal of Zagros landscape geography and urban planning, 6 (19) 110-117. [In Persian].
  16. Motevally, S. (2012). The evolution of traditional urban spaces in Iranian-Islamic cities; From pre-modernism to post-modernism. Iranian Islamic City Studies Quarterly, 14 (92), 51-62. [In Persian].
  17. Najafi Tawana, A. & Milki, A. (2013). General criminal law (analytical-critical-comparative). First edition, Tehran: Jungle Publications. [In Persian]
  18. Paul, S. (2016). Visual design elements of landscape architecture. Translated by Mohammad Ahmadinejad, third edition, Isfahan: Khak Publications.. [In Persian]
  19. Qara Baglo, M., Nejad Ebrahimi, A., & Javidmehr, M. (2015). Identifying criteria for urban landscape design with an environmental response approach (example: Jamalzadeh neighborhood). Haft Shahr Urban Development and Architecture Journal, 4 (55), 103-117. [In Persian].
  20. Rezaei Rad, H., & Vahdat, S. (2016). Improvement of visual values in the corridors of urban vision (example: Elkhebal Square, Zanjan). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 7 (23), 69-86. [In Persian]
  21. Saif al-Dini, F. (2011). City Landscape. First edition, Tehran: Aeezh Publications. [In Persian].
  22. Shah Hosseini, P. (2015). Car settlement and social security (case: Pakdasht city). Geography and Development Quarterly, 3(6), 157-172. [In Persian].
  23. Shakoui, H. (2012). New ideas in the philosophy of geography, environmental philosophies and geographical schools. volume 2, 4th edition, Tehran: Publications of the Institute of Geography and Cartography of Gita. [In Persian].
  24. Shaterian, M., Tadayoon, E., & Heydari, R. (2019). The effect of social inequalities on the quality of green space. (Example: Kashan City). Geographical Planning of Space Quarterly Journal, 10 (38), 14-156. [In Persian].