A B S T R A C T
Given that today, a part of citizens' daily lives is spent on leisure time, paying attention to the appropriate infrastructure and facilities is necessary for spending this time for all spectrums and strata of society. Thus, an adaptation of spaces, especially leisure spaces, as an integral part of daily life for people with disabilities is a manifestation of ensuring justice and social security in the urban space. The current research aims to investigate the appropriate state of urban leisure time for blind and partially sighted people in Rasht city. The current research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The statistical population of the research includes blind and partially sighted people covered by the welfare of Rasht city. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was determined to be 310 people. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that among the dimensions of spending leisure time, the socio-economic dimension had a better average than other dimensions, and despite the measures taken in the field of adapting the urban space for the presence of blind and partially sighted people in Rasht, the physical, managerial, socio-economic and furniture conditions. The current city is not able to meet the needs of these people. Therefore, for the participation of visually impaired people in society and their independence, there is a need to plan based on criteria and standards to adapt urban spaces.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The city is the most important and the biggest body, the product humankind has produced for survival and the biggest structure that guides and surrounds life. Cities are exposed to complexity, diversity, and rapid technical and social growth. One of the biggest challenges is how to accommodate the needs of all citizens, including disabled people, in a completely inclusive and appropriate manner. So that people with mental and physical disabilities and ordinary people live together. What is important is that in recent decades, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the existence of land speculation in cities, the condition of urban open spaces has been challenged both qualitatively and quantitatively, and the current situation is less compatible with the leisure needs of citizens. On the other hand, with the growth of industry and the progress of human societies, leisure time has become more visible as a special need of human societies to the extent that some people have called today's civilization a civilization of leisure. Adapting spaces for people with mobility limitations is a manifestation of social justice and safety, which will bring extraordinary psychological effects in addition to providing life and health security. The World Health Organization estimates that there are more than one million people with various disabilities in our country, and 110 people are added to the country's disabled population every day, and over 40,000 people are added to the country's disabled population every year due to various accidents. It is estimated that the population of blind and partially sighted people in Iran is more than one percent of the total population of the country. Also, in Rasht city, 1607 blind and partially sighted disabled people are covered by welfare. Of course, the number of people not covered by welfare should also be added to this figure. According to the discussed topics, this research examines and evaluates the urban space blind and partially sighted people to spend their leisure time in Rasht city.
 
Methodology
The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and survey method in terms of the data collected in the field and library. By reviewing the research literature, the variables were identified and categorized into 4 indicators and 59 items. In this research, questionnaires were used to collect the required information. Its main purpose is to investigate the state of urban development to spend leisure time for blind and partially sighted people in Rasht city. The measurement in this research is a questionnaire created by the researcher in the free time of visually impaired people in the urban space. The statistical population of the present study includes blind and partially sighted people covered by the welfare of Rasht city, which, according to the survey, is 1607 people. Cochran's formula determined the sample size, and the sampling amount was 310. Its validity and reliability were checked, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using 22SPSS software.
 
Results and discussion
According to the items related to the physical index, it can be seen that the physical index has the lowest average of 1.07, followed by the management index with an average of 1.94. Physical index, due to its availability and high objectivity for blind people, can have a greater impact on their assessment of the state of urban adaptation. In the next rank, the socio-economic index is seen with an average of 2.73, and then the urban furniture index with an average of 2.26. Also, according to the binomial test, in the managerial index, the significance level obtained is less than 0.05, so it is concluded that there is a significant difference between the test probability (0.5) and the observed probability (0.78), and there is a significant difference between the two groups. Considering that the average management index is 2.5 or less in most cases, it can be concluded that the management index in the leisure time of visually impaired people is not in good condition; 78% of people evaluated the management index below the average level. In the socio-economic index, considering that the average social and cultural index is lower than the average in most cases, i.e., 0.7, it can be concluded that this index is unsuitable for the leisure time of visually impaired people. In the urban furniture index, 0.71% of the people evaluated the condition of the urban furniture index below the average level.
 
Conclusion
In a specific framework, the present research deals with the state of measures taken regarding adapting urban spaces on four levels as physical, managerial, socio-economic, and urban furniture, from the perspective of blind and visually impaired people in Rasht city. At the city level, they are more inappropriate than other objects; therefore, according to the comments of the respondents, the lack of coherent planning, the inability to allocate financial resources for adaptation, etc., is quite evident. In the field of management, managers' expertise in terms of familiarity with the rights and laws of certain individuals showed the lowest average in that index. As long as the managers are not familiar with the rights of these people as well as with the necessary criteria and standards, or when they are satisfied with only symbolic movements or a few cases of adaptation, it is not possible to reach a desirable level of urban adaptation. In the field of socio-economic issues, we can mention psychological problems, social isolation, and increasing the time and costs of moving disabled people. We can mention the need for access to tactile and audio guides in urban furniture. Proper location for installing equipment in the urban space can prevent risks, increase their sense of self-confidence in order to be independent and safe in society, and encourage them to attend.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.