Trend of Change in Discharge of Iranian Major Rivers to the Caspian Sea

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

Changes in river flow in lake and wetland levels, and climate change depends primarily on changes in the volume and timing of precipitation, falls as snow or rain. Changes in evaporation also affect river flows. Several scientific studies have been done and published in scientific journals for the potential effects of climate change on river flows, and many more studies have been presented in internal reports. Studies are heavily focused towards Europe, North America and Australasia, with a small number of studies from Asia (Bates et al2008).Thus, their water flow regimes have more coincidence with rainfall pattern.In addition discharge of these rivers have some irregular fluctuations in past years duration, but it seems they have regular trend. Usually defined "trend" changes slowly, steady and long-term average values. The aims of this research understand the effect of climate change on discharge of major Iranian river of the Caspian Sea basin. Many studies have been done so far in connection with climate change and water resource in different areas of the world. IPCC reports are one of the most important projects related in climate change and water resources.
 

Keywords

References

- باپکین، و.ای.، و پاستنیکوف، ا.ن. 1997. جریان ولگا در آستانه قرن بیست و یکم، مترجم: علی شمسی، برگرفته از مجله وستیک کاسپیا، شماره 2، سال 1997، مرکز ملی مطالعات و تحقیقات دریای خزر، وزارت نیرو، ایران.
2- تیماشف، ای.اس. 2003. خزر، آرال و رودخانه‌های روسیه، مترجم: علی شمسی، برگرفته از مجله وستیک کاسپیا، شماره 3، سال 2003، مرکز ملی مطالعات و تحقیقات دریای خزر، وزارت نیرو، ایران.
3- زون، ا.، و گلیانتس، م. 2002. خزر نگاهی به گذشته، شناخت آینده، مترجم: علی شمسی، برگرفته از مجله وستیک کاسپیا، شماره 4، سال 2002، مرکز ملی مطالعات و تحقیقات دریای خزر، وزارت نیرو، ایران.
4- عساکره، ح. 1386. تغییر اقلیم، انتشارات دانشگاه زنجان، شابک: 6-15-8885-964-978.
5- مرکز ملی مطالعات و تحقیقات دریای خزر. 1390. بانک اطلاعات آب و هواشناسی دریای خزر، موسسه تحقیقات آب، وزارت نیرو، مازندران، ساری.
6- وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی. 1369. طرح منطقه‌ای گیلان و مازندران، مطالعات جغرافیایی و محیطی.
 
7.Bates, B.C., Kundzewicz, Z.W., Wu, S., and Palutikof, J.P. 2008. Climate Change and Water, Technical Paper VI-English, Eds. IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, 210p.
8.Biksham Gujja, S.D. 2009. Variability of Daily Discharges of Godavari River Due to Climate Change in Coming Decades and its Implications to Infrastructure and People, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 402008 doi:10.1088/1755-1307/6/0/402008.
9.Booij, Daniël Tollenaar, M.J., Van Beek, E., and Kwadijk, J.C.J. 2011.Simulating Impacts of Climate Change on River Discharges in the Nile Basin, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 36: 13. 696-709. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2011.07.042.
10.http://www.cdc.noaa.gov
11.httt://www.cru.uea.ac.uk
12.http://www.ucar.edu/news/854/water-levels-dropping-some-major-rivers-global-climate-changes
13.Lionello, P., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Boscolo, R. Editors. 2006. Mediterranean Climate Variability, ISBN-10: 0-444-52170-4, 421p.
14.Lu, X.X. 2004. Vulnerability of Water Discharge of large Chinese Rivers to Environmental Changes: An Overview, Reg Environ Change, 4: 182–191, DOI 10.1007/s10113-004-0080-0.
15.Nohara, D. 2006. Impact of Climate Change on River Discharge Projected by Multimodal Ensemble, J. Hydrometeor, 7, 1076-1089, doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1175/JHM531.1.
 
16.Thodsen, H. 2007. The Influence of Climate Change on Stream Flow in Danish Rivers, J. Hydrol. 333: 226-238.
17.Van der Schrier, G., Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., and Osborn, T.J. 2006.
Summer Moisture Variability Across Europe. J. Climate. 19: 2818-2834. http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/drought.
18.Wang, S., Mc Grath, R., Semmler, T., Sweeney, C., and Nolan, P. 2006. The Impact of the Climate Change on Discharge of Suir River Catchment (Ireland) Under Different Climate Scenarios, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 6: 387-395.
19.Xu, H., Taylor, R.G., and Xu, Y. 2011. Quantifying Uncertainty in the Impacts of Climate Discharge in Sub-Catchments of the Yangtze and Yellow Basins, China, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 15: 333-344.doi:10.5194/hess-15-333-2011.

20.www.livescience.com, Rivers Losing Water Due to Climate Change

 
 
 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics