ارزیابی عوامل پایدارسازی نظام درآمدی و تأمین منابع مالی شهرداری‌ها با تأکید بر نقش برند سازی مطالعه موردی: کلان‌شهر ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرند، ایران

2 گروه معماری، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران

چکیده

بهبود و ترویج رقابت‌پذیری شهری مهم‌ترین عامل در توسعه شهری است. از طرفی، تدوین چشم‌انداز روشن و استراتژی‌های منعطف مبتنی بر منابع درآمدی پایدار از دغدغه همیشگی شهرهای ایران است. پژوهش حاضر با روش تحلیلی - موردی و رویکرد کمی انجام‌گرفته است. با توجه به ماهیت داده‌ها و عدم امکان کنترل رفتار متغیرهای مؤثر در مـسئله نیز از نـوع غیرتجربـی است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از روش دلفی، آزمون‌های تی تک نمونه‌ای، تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه (ANOVA)، همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون خطی چندگانه و آزمون تعقیبی شفه در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده‌شده است. به‌منظور مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری منابع مالی با استفاده از معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار Amos مهم‌ترین متغیرهای اثرگذار در ارزیابی برندینگ کلان‌شهر ارومیه بررسی شد. ارزیابی منابع درآمدی نشان می‌دهد که ارومیه از حیث منابع شهرداری در وضعیت پایدار قرار می‌گیرد و در بقیه اکثریت شاخص‌ها در وضعیت ناپایدار و نیمه پایدار قرار دارد. در بین شاخص‌های رویکرد منابع مالی، بالاترین میانگین را شاخص عوارض عمومی (38/3) و پایین‌ترین شاخص را کمک‌های اعطایی دولت و سازمان‌های دولتی (88/2) داشته است. همچنین در بین شاخص‌های رویکرد برندینگ شهری، بالاترین میانگین را بعد خلق جاذبه‌های شهری (76/3) و پایین‌ترین ارزیابی را بعد مشارکت (18/3) داشته است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در بین مناطق 5 گانه ارومیه، از نظر تناسب شاخص‌های برندینگ شهری اختلاف وجود دارد. به‌طوری‌که در سطح مناطق ۵ گانه سطح معنی‌داری با فرض 0.05>p کمتر از 05/. است. در نتیجه هرچند شرایط شاخص‌های برندینگ در سطح مناطق متفاوت است، اما نشان از افزایش اثرگذاری درآمد منابع مالی پایدار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Stabilizing Factors of the Income System and Providing Financial Resources of Municipalities with an Emphasis on the Role of Branding The case study of Urmia Metropolis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Alizadeh Barandozi 1
  • Sohaila Hamidzadeh lhiavi 2
  • Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir 1
1 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
چکیده [English]

A B S T R A C T
Improving and promoting urban competitiveness is the most important factor in urban development. On the other hand, formulating a clear vision and flexible strategies based on sustainable sources of income is a constant concern in Iranian cities. The current research was conducted with the case-analytical method and quantitative approach. Due to the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behaviour of the effective variables in the problem, it is also non-empirical. For data analysis, the Delphi method, one-sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software. To model the structural equations of financial resources, using structural equations in Amos software, the most important influencing variables in the branding evaluation of the Urmia metropolis were investigated. The evaluation of income sources shows that Urmia is in a stable state in terms of municipal resources, and in the rest of the majority of indicators, it is in an unstable and semi-stable state. Among the indicators of the approach to financial resources, the highest average is the public fees index (3.38) and the lowest index is the aid granted by the government and government organizations (2.88). Also, among the indicators of the urban branding approach, the creation of urban attractions has the highest average (3.76) and participation has the lowest evaluation (3.18). The results show that there are differences among the 5 regions of Urmia in terms of the suitability of urban branding indicators. So that at the level of 5 regions, the significance level is less than 0.05 with the assumption of p>0.05. Is. As a result, although the conditions of branding indicators are different at the regional level, it shows an increase in the effectiveness of the income from sustainable financial sources.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Place branding means designing a place to meet the needs of the target market of that place. The measure of place branding success is citizen satisfaction and business satisfaction with their community and meeting the expectations of visitors and investors. One of the supporting ideas of city marketing philosophy is derived from the fact that city marketing enables a new level of local development policy quality through comprehensiveness, creativity, flexibility, and new resources in the form of ideas, local knowledge and capital are on the line. Local policies are mobilized. Considering the city brand as an intangible asset can add value to the city. Therefore, although branding is not a goal in itself, it considers goals such as increasing the reputation and income of the city or improving the image of the city in line with social, cultural, and economic development, and also by mentioning the point that by emphasizing the income system, it tries to use resources which makes the mental image of a city more practical for citizens. Hence, it is possible to justify the move towards a sustainable and competitive economy. This research aims to achieve economic stability and realize the concept of sustainable financial resources by using the effective components of urban branding.
 
Methodology
The current research is applied, which was conducted with the case-analytical method and quantitative approach. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, it is also non-empirical. This research included 2 statistical populations of citizens with a 384 sample size. Also, 26-panel members were selected based on the non-probability (targeted) method. In order to analyze the issue and formulate operational indicators, in the first step of the research, the status of stable and unstable income figures of Urmia municipality was studied separately from 2014 to 2018. To analyze the data, one-sample t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software. In the final part, in order to model the structural equations of livability using structural equations in Amos software, the most important sources of sustainable income were studied in the evaluation of the brand of Urmia metropolis.
 
Results and Discussion
The results of the T-Test evaluation of the average indicators of financial resources and branding compared to the ideal values of each indicator show that the average of both approaches is more than 3 and is at a higher level than the average. Among the indicators of the approach to financial resources, the highest average is the public fees index (3.38), and the lowest index is the aid granted by the government and government organizations (2.88). Also, among the indicators of the urban branding approach, the creation of urban attractions has the highest average (3.76) and the participation dimension has the lowest evaluation (3.18). According to the correlation test evaluation results, the strongest relationship among the analyzed indicators is the public toll index (0.672) and then the service price and income indicators of municipal for-profit institutions (0.627), respectively, with city branding. Also, there is a difference between the five regions of Urmia in terms of the suitability of urban branding indicators. So that in all the studied areas, the significance level is less than 0.05 with the assumption of p>0.05. As a result, the conditions of branding indicators are different at the level of regions.
 
Conclusion
In recent decades, urban management in Iran has increasingly faced many challenges caused by various social, cultural, political, executive, financial, and legal factors. On a case-by-case basis, the revenue department of municipalities has been in an unfavorable situation. Unfortunately, the lack of a clear definition of the municipal revenue system in the form of the macroeconomic system of the country and the changes and transformations, on the other hand, in our country, the role of cities as a meeting place of expertise has always been evident, and it is necessary to take advantage of the social and economic infrastructure of the cities to earn stable incomes for municipalities. Knowledge of the level of people's economic participation and willingness to pay for sustainable urban development through illegal means can be a sustainable financial source for municipalities. This city, the tenth largest metropolis of Iran, also has a very high population and economic resources. Therefore, it is very important to provide financing methods for construction projects of Tabriz municipality based on urban branding to achieve sustainable financial resources because the services and methods of urban management can be very effective in improving the quality of life of the people of this city and solving the financial problems of the municipality. Since sustainable and continuous economic development relies on sustainable financial resources, this issue is always one of the most critical challenges and concerns of managers and trustees of urban affairs in providing efficient methods in this process, recognizing the problems related to the structure of the urban economy. Planning of the urban affairs department is important from several points of view and can be fruitful.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
 Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sustainable development
  • municipal revenue sources
  • urban branding
  • Urmia metropolis
  1. امانپور، سعید؛ دامن باغ، صفیه و علیزاده، هادی. (1399). تحلیل عوامل مؤثر در شکل‌گیری تصویر شهر در راستای برند سازی مؤثر شهری. مطالعه موردی: کلان‌شهر اهواز. مجله آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 10(35)، 67-86.
  2. اکبری، نعمت‌الله و یارمحمدیان، ناصر. (1391). محاسبه میزان پایداری درآمد شهرداری در صورت تقسیط عوارض ساختمانی (موردمطالعه: شهرداری اصفهان). فصلنامه اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، ۱ (۱)، ۱۱۵-۱۰۳.
  3. حاجی‌لو مهران، میره‌ای محمد، پیله‌ور مهدی. (1396). بررسی منابع درآمدهای پایدار شهرداری‌ها (موردمطالعه: شهر شبستر استان آذربایجان شرقی). فصلنامه اقتصاد و مدیریت شهری، ۵ (۲۰)، ۲۲-۱.
  4. حسینی‌خواه، حسین؛ محمدی دوست، سلیمان و صادقی، علی. (1401). تبیین روش‌های تأمین منابع مالی پایدار شهرداری‌ها با تأکید بر شهر خلاق (پژوهش موردی: شهرداری یاسوج). مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری، 9 (30)، 97-126.
  5. داوودپور، زهره و محمودی آذر، شیرزاد. (1398). بررسی نقش برند سازی شهری در تحقق مفهوم شهر خلاق (موردمطالعه: ارومیه). مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری، 6 (18)، 109-141.
  6. رحیمیان، اشرف. (1396). ارائه چارچوب برند سازی شهری در ایران بر مبنای مدل سیستم‌های مانا. معماری و شهرسازی ایران، 13 (8)، 197-207.‌
  7. شهرداری ارومیه. (1395). سالنامه آماری شهر ارومیه: https://urmia.ir/news
  8. شهنازی، روح‌اله؛ مرزبان، حسین و میرزاخانی، معصومه. (1396). امکان‌پذیری استفاده از اوراق وقفی در تأمین مالی پروژه‌های عمرانی شهرداری‌ها و بررسی آثار رفاهی آن در مقایسه با اخذ عوارض (مطالعه موردی شهر شیراز). دو فصلنامه جستارهای اقتصادی، 14 (27)، 35-62.
  9. قائمی‌نیک، علی‌نقی. (1391). بررسی برخی از روش‌های تأمین مالی طرح‌ها و پروژه‌های شهری با تأکید بر روش سهام پروژه و بررسی نمونه موردی سهام پروژه مجد مشهد. هفت شهر، 4 (44 ـ 43)، 95-104.
  10. قلی‌پور، رحمت اله؛ درویش زاده، محمدمهدی و پیران نژاد، علی. (1398). بررسی روش‌ها، منبع‌ها و مانع‌های دستیابی به درآمد پایدار شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرداری ارومیه). مدیریت دولتی، 11(1)، 151-178.
  11. قنبری، ابوالفضل؛ موسوی، میرنجف؛ سعیدآبادی، رشید؛ باقری‌کشکولی، علی و حسینی‌امینی، حسن. (1390). راهکارهای توانمندسازی افزایش درآمد شهرداری‌ها در شهرهای کوچک (مطالعه موردی: شهر زارچ). جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، 22(2)، 41-58.
  12. کاوه پور، یاسین؛ اقبالی، ناصر و حمزه، فرهاد. (1401). ارزیابی عملکرد مدیریت شهری با تأکید بر شاخص‌های حکمروائی خوب مطالعه موردی شهر اهواز. مجله آمایش جغرافیایی فضا، 12، 55-61.
  13. کریمی، نسرین و مؤیدفر رزیتا. (1395). بهینه‌سازی روش‌های تأمین مالی شهرداری ایلام: رهیافت MCDM و برنامه‌ریزی خطی. اقتصاد شهری، 1 (1)، 77-98.
  14. مددی، اکبر؛ نوروزی، پرویز و حسین زاده دلیرکریم. (1399). تحلیل روش‌های تأمین منابع مالی شهرداری تبریز با تأکید بر درآمدهای پایدار. فصلنامه نگرش‌های نو در جغرافیای انسانی، 12(4)، 346-368.
  15. مرکز آمار ایران. (1395). نتایج کلی سرشماری 1395 ـ 1335، نتایج تفصیلی سرشماری استان آذربایجان غربی به تفکیک شهرستان.
  16. مسگری، نعیمی صدیق و عبدالشاه، محمد. (1397). بررسی عوامل موثر بر درآمد شهرداری‌ها و ارائه راهبردهای مناسب به‌منظور ایجاد درآمد پایدار. تحقیقات جغرافیایی، 33 (2)، 73-89.‌
  17. وثوقی، فاطمه؛ مظفری، غلامحسین؛ پاپلی‌یزدی، محمدحسین و حاتمی‌نژاد حسین (1395). ارائه الگوی پایدارسازی نظام درآمدی و تأمین منابع مالی شهرداری‌ها (مطالعه موردی: شهرداری تهران). فصل‌نامه تحقیقات جغرافیایی، ۳۱ (۴)، ۴۴-۲۴.
  18. Akbari N U, Yarmohammadian N. (2013). Estimating the Amount of Sustainability of Municipality Revenue in case of Paying Building Taxes on Installment Plan (The Case of Isfahan Municipality). IUESA, 1 (1),103-115. [In Persian].
  19. Amanpour, S., Damanbagh, S., & Alizadeh, H. (2020). Analysis factors in the formation of effective branding of the city, Case Study: Ahvaz. Geographical Planning of Space, 10(35), 67-86. [In Persian].
  20. Aminian, N., & Hassani, A., (2016). Effective Factors on Urban Brand and Their Prioritization from Perspective of International Tourists (Case Study: Tehran’s Milad Tower). IUESA, 4 (14),115-136. [In Persian].
  21. Asongu, S. A., Agboola, M. O., Alola, A. A., & Bekun, F. V. (2020). The criticality of growth, urbanization, electricity and fossil fuel consumption to environment sustainability in Africa. Science of the Total Environment, 712, 136376.
  22. Baber, W.R., Gore, A.K., Rich, K.T., Zhang, J.X. (2013). Accounting restatements, governance and Municipal debt financing. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 56, (2-3): 212-227.
  23. Bessho, S.B., Ogawa, H (2014), Fiscal adjustment in Japanese municipalities. Journal of Comparative Economics,1, 1-16
  24. Bettencourt, L. M. (2020). Urban growth and the emergent statistics of cities. Science Advances, 6(34), eaat8812.
  25. Braun, E., Eshuis, J., & Klijn, E. H. (2014). The effectiveness of place brand communication. Cities, 41, 64-70.
  26. Cigu, E., & Romania, I. (2014). An aproach of local financial autonomy and implication over sustainable development in the knowledge society. Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, 6, 44-53.
  27. Davodpour, Z., & Mahmoudiazar, S. (2019). Investigating the role of urban branding in realizing the creative city (A case study of Urmia). Urban Structure and Function Studies, 6(18), 109-141. [In Persian].
  28. Fournier, S., & Alvarez, C. (2019). How brands acquire cultural meaning. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 29(3), 519-534.
  29. Ghaemi Nik, A. N. (2013). ُ Survey of Some Financing Methods in Urban Program and Projects with Emphasis on participation with project stockholder’s method and case study of the Majd Project, Mashhad city. Haftshahr, 4(43-44), 95-104. [In Persian].
  30. Ghanbari, A., Mousavi, M. N., Saied Abadi, R., Bagheri Kashkoli, A., & Hoseini Amini, H. (2011). Strategies of Enabling Municipality's Income Enhancement in Small Cities (Case Study: Zarch). Geography and Environmental Planning, 22(2), 41-58. [In Persian].
  31. Gholipor, R., Darvishzadeh, M., & Pirannejad, A. (2019). Identification of the Methods, Resources and Barriers of Achieving Sustainable Urban Income (Case Study: Urmia Municipality). Journal of Public Administration, 11(1), 151-178. [In Persian].
  32. Hajilou M, Mirehei M, Pileh Var M. (2017). Studying Sustainable Revenue Sources of Municipalities (Case: Shabestar, East Azerbaijan Province). IUESA, 5 (20), 1-22. [In Persian].
  33. Hosseinikhah, H., Mohamadidoost, S., & Sadeghi, A. (2022). An Explanation of Methods for Supplying Sustainable Municipal Finances with an Emphasis on Creative City: A Case Study on Yasouj Municipality. Urban Structure and Function Studies, 9(30), 97-126. [In Persian].
  34. Iranian Statistics Center (2015). The general results of the census of 1956-2016, the detailed results of the census of West Azarbaijan province by city. [In Persian].
  35. Karimi, N., & Moayedfar, R. (2016). Financing's Optimization Techniques for Ilam Municipality: MCDM and Linear Programming Approach. Urban Economics, 1(1), 77-98. [In Persian].
  36. Kavepour, Y., Iqbali, N., & Hamza, F. (1401). Evaluation of urban management performance with an emphasis on good governance indicators, a case study of Ahvaz city. Journal of Geographical Analysis of Space, 12, 55-61. [In Persian].
  37. Maddi, A., Nowrozi, P., & Hosseinzadeh, D. (2020). Analysis of the financial resources of Tabriz municipality with emphasis on stable incomes. quarterly of new attitudes in human geography, 12(4), 346-368. [In Persian].
  38. Meschede, C. (2019). Information dissemination related to the Sustainable Development Goals on German local governmental websites. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 71 (3), 440-455.
  39. Mesgari, S., Naimi Sadigh, A., & Abdolshah, M. (2018). Investigating the factors affecting the income of municipalities and providing appropriate strategies for sustainable revenue. GeoRes, 33 (2), 73-89. [In Persian].
  40. Picchio, M., & Santolini, R. (2020). Fiscal rules and budget forecast errors of Italian municipalities. European Journal of Political Economy, 64, 101921.
  41. Puciato, D. (2016). Attractiveness of municipalities in South-Western Poland as determinants for hotel chain investments. Tourism Management, 57, 245-255.
  42. Rahimiyan, A. (2017). A Framework for City Branding in IRAN by Organizational Cybernetics (VSM model). Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism(JIAU), 8(1), 197-207. [In Persian].
  43. Shahnazi, R., Marzban, H., Mirzakhani, M. (2017). Feasibility of Using Waqf Bonds in Financing Municipalities Projects and Examining its Welfare Effects in Comparison with Municipal Tax: A Case Study of Shiraz, Iran. Journal of Iran's Economic Essays, 14(27), 35-62. [In Persian].
  44. Suzuki, S., & Nijkamp, P. (2018). Winners in the urban champions league–a performance assessment of Japanese cities by means of dynamic and super-efficient DEA. Journal of Urban Management, 7(1), 6-20.
  45. Ultsch, A., & Behnisch, M (2017), Effects of the payout system of income taxes to municipalities in Germany. Applied Geography, 81: 21-31
  46. Urmia Municipality. (2016). Statistical yearbook of Urmia city: https://urmia.ir/news [In Persian].
  47. Vossughi, F., Mozaffari, G., Papoli Yazdi, M. H., & Hataminejad, H. (2017). Proposal of Financing the Revenue System of Municipalities and Proposing a Framework (Case Study: Tehran Municipality). GeoRes, 31 (4), 24-44. [In Persian].
  48. Weimin, Li. & Xiaoyang, Wang. (2020) The role of Beijing's securities services in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei financial integration: A financial geography perspective. Cities, 100, 665- 674.
  49. Yang, T., Ye, M., Pei, P., Shi, Y., & Pan, H. (2019). City branding evaluation as a tool for sustainable urban growth: A framework and lessons from the Yangtze River Delta Region. Sustainability, 11(16), 4281.